Hungary has been in the EU for 20 years: how has foreign trade changed?

Hungary is a small, open economy with an export-led growth model. Between 2004 and 2008 – in just 4 years – the volume of domestic exports doubled. In the following period, however, we felt the downsides of exposure to international economic processes: as a result of the 2008 financial crisis, domestic product and service exports decreased by 22% in 2009. After the recovery from the crisis, exports essentially stagnated in the first half of the 2010s, and by the end of the decade, Hungarian exports were on a growth path again, which was interrupted in 2020 by the coronavirus crisis. This was followed by a strong rebound over the next two years. Overall, the domestic export volume increased 2.6 times between 2004 and 2022, which is an impressive result in itself, but not by any means in regional terms. The Slovaks increased their exports by 2.9 times, the Czechs by 3.2 times, and th