GKI Analysis: Without EU funds, the domestic economy would just flounder

Between 2004 and 2023, Hungary received a net €67.8 billion in EU funds—equivalent to 26% of the country’s 2024 GDP. This amount exceeds the volume of a full year’s domestic investment. On average, EU transfers accounted for 2.8% of GDP annually, rising to 3.5% after 2010.

According to calculations by the GKI Economic Research Institute, EU funding boosted GDP growth by an average of 1.4 percentage points per year. Without this support, the Hungarian economy would have grown at just 0.7% annually. In some years (such as 2010, 2011, and 2013), the economy’s entire growth was attributable to EU support, which also helped soften downturns during recessions.

In addition to economic growth, EU funds have reduced the burden on the national budget. For example, direct payments to farmers and co-financed education wage hikes replaced what would otherwise have been government spending. Infrastructure investments, energy upgrades in public institutions, R&D projects, and labor market programs (e.g. youth employment initiatives) were largely covered by EU programs.

Furthermore, about 40% of net EU funding between 2010 and 2023 ended up as government revenue, resulting in a net annual budget gain equal to 2.5% of GDP—after accounting for national co-financing.

While inefficiencies and cost overruns did occur, the economic benefits of EU membership are undeniable. EU funding has acted as a key driver of Hungarian economic development over the past two decades.